Dangerous goods include substances and materials that, if transported unsafe, can have a negative impact on human health, property or nature. Due to the increased risks, this process is closely monitored at the international and national levels. According to the International Maritime Organization (IMO), the number of shipments of dangerous goods is 50 million tons per year.
The type and properties of the transported substance are of particular importance, since transportation risks are determined on the basis of these indicators. Therefore, at the beginning of the work, it is important to correctly identify, classify goods and select safety measures.
Improper handling of such goods leads to:
- Fires/explosions: relevant for flammable substances.
- Toxic effects: poisoning among staff and the environment.
- Radioactive contamination: in case of leakage of radioactive materials.
- Corrosion of equipment: packaging and vehicle.
- Environmental disasters: pollution of water or soil, especially if the accident occurs near reservoirs.
What applies to dangerous goods?
Dangerous goods include various substances. For example, chemical ones, which include explosive liquids, corrosive materials and toxic gases. Infectious substances are no less dangerous: viruses and bacteria. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, the requirements for the transportation of such materials have increased significantly. The remaining types of dangerous goods will be considered in detail in the classification below.
How many classes of dangerous goods are there?
The classification of dangerous goods is based on the rules of the United Nations and the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and includes the following classes:
- Explosives that cause an explosion on impact, friction or temperature rise: pyrotechnics or dynamite;
- Compressed, liquefied or dissolved gases: propane, oxygen, ammonia.
- Flammable liquids – can ignite at low temperatures: gasoline, alcohols, solvents.
- Flammable solids — which can ignite from a source of heat or friction: sulfur or magnesium.
- Oxidizing substances and organic peroxides are substances that release oxygen, for example, peroxides;
- Toxic, infectious substances — which are dangerous if inhaled, swallowed, or in contact with the skin. For example, cyanides or viral cultures.
- Radioactive materials used in medicine, energy and scientific research: uranium or plutonium.
- Corrosive substances that destroy metals or cause skin damage upon contact, such as acids (sulfuric acid) and alkalis.
- Other dangerous substances that do not fall into the classes: magnetic materials, environmentally hazardous substances.
Rules for the transportation of dangerous goods
The procedure for the transportation of dangerous goods is regulated by national and international organizations and includes requirements for transport, personnel and packaging.
Vehicles must be equipped in accordance with the transported material: have reinforced bodies, sealed containers, systems to prevent leaks, markings indicating the nature of the cargo, and strictly defined routes must be followed to minimize the risks of accidents.
Drivers transporting dangerous goods are trained in safety rules, emergency procedures and the specifics of working with specific types of hazardous substances. Based on the driver’s competencies and vehicle inspections, transportation licenses are already being issued.
Packaging and storage of dangerous goods
Packaging for dangerous goods is made of certified materials that withstand mechanical stress, extreme temperatures and pressure, if necessary, several layers of protection are used. The marking of the package must be affixed indicating the type of cargo, class and instructions for safe handling.
Storage of dangerous goods should be carried out in areas with temperature, humidity and ventilation control systems, different types of goods should be separated. In addition, leak detectors and fire extinguishing systems are installed in warehouses in order to respond promptly to unforeseen situations.
«Mile Logistics» recalls that the transportation of such goods is a complex, high—risk process that must comply with standards. Proper classification, packaging and transportation of such goods will ensure the safety of people, property and the environment.
